[身高(Body height)與屈光度(Refraction)和眼軸(Axial Length)的關係。]
帶孩子看診時,看到近視又加深了,家長們是不是常想到:
「是不是他長高的關係?」、「他都還沒開始長高就這麼深,等長高了還得了。」、「他在長高,度數增加是正常的,不用太在意。」
那究竟長高會不會加深近視呢?先前小編已討論過相關主題(https://reurl.cc/xXdyE),這次來看一下其他的研究怎麼說。
----------------------------------------
1."Effect of Stature and Other Anthropometric Parameters on Eye Size and Refraction in a Population-Based Study of Australian Children",一個澳洲的人體參數對屈光度的影響研究:
In this study, we found no strong associations between height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and refraction or AL/CR ratio.
(在本研究中,我們發現身高、體重、BMI、體脂肪率、腰圍和屈光度或眼軸/角膜曲率半徑比沒有明顯關聯性。)
Conclusions: This study found a strong association between height and axial length and corneal radius, but not spherical equivalent refraction. The findings may demonstrate the effectiveness of emmetropization in the presence of normal physiological influences.
(結論:本研究發現身高與眼軸長度和角膜曲率半徑之間存在很強的關聯性,但並非是等效球面屈光度。這個發現可能證明正視化有效存在於正常生理作用。)
2."The Relationship between Ocular Dimensions and Refraction with Adult Stature: The Tanjong Pagar Survey",另一個新加坡的對成人身高和眼球尺寸、屈光度的研究):
Earlier studies have suggested a possible relation between adult stature and refraction, because taller and heavier persons were observed to be more myopic than shorter and lighter persons.
(早期的研究中提出成人身高和屈光度之間存在可能的相關性,因為觀察到較高和較重的人,有比較矮和較輕的人更偏向近視。)
the age of cessation of axial elongation was similar to the age of cessation of increase in height (both ∼13 years).
(眼軸成長的終止年齡與身高增加的停止年齡相似,均為13年左右。)
However, other studies, including a large population-based survey, have not found any relationship between adult stature and refraction.
(然而,其他包含大規模的人口調查未發現成人身高與屈光度存在任何關係。)
More important, we found that height did not appear to influence refraction, although it was strongly related to axial dimensions (i.e., although taller persons tended to have longer globes, they were not necessarily more myopic). A detailed examination of the data suggests that this may be related to the compensatory hyperopic effects of a deeper ACD, thinner lenses, and flatter corneas in taller people.
(更重要的是,我們發現身高似乎不會影響屈光度,即便是它與眼球大小密切相關。[換句話說,較高的人往往有更長的眼球,但是他們不一定偏近視。],而從數據中發現這可能跟更深的前房深度、更薄的水晶體和更平坦的角膜弧度產生的代償性遠視效應有關係。)
3."Relationship of lifestyle and body stature growth with the development of myopia and axial length elongation in Taiwanese elementary school children.",一個台灣長庚醫院的國小兒童眼軸長與身高研究:
The axial length change was positively correlated with the height change (P < 0.001). The myopia shift was correlated to axial length change (P = 0.000) but not correlated to height change. Using multiple regression test, near work was the only significant risk factor for myopia progression (P = 0.022).
(眼軸長變化與身高變化有顯著正相關,近視變化和眼軸長變化有顯著相關,但是跟身高變化無關。近距離工作是近視增加的唯一重要風險因素。)
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that body height increment was correlated to axial length elongation but not to myopia shift in children aged 7-9 years.
(結論:我們的研究表明,在7~9歲的兒童中,身高增加和眼軸增加有相關,但是跟近視變化無關。)
4."Longitudinal Changes of Axial Length and Height Are Associated and Concomitant in Children",一個中國的眼軸長與身高研究,則畫出了模擬曲線(附圖3)。可看出雖然身高與眼軸都在年紀較年長時減緩增長,但是發展曲線還是不相同的。
----------------------------------------
總結來說,身高比較高的人,眼球常常相對的比較大顆(或眼軸較長)是很多研究的結論,眼軸也可能隨著身高成長而增加,但是這和近視增加沒有直接關聯。在身高長高伴隨眼軸成長的正常情況之下,同時可能有其他的眼部參數代償了「眼軸成長」這個看似會增加近視的變化,讓度數得以穩定。不過千萬要注意,超速的眼軸變化,仍會造成近視加深。
也有其他部份研究說身高較高的兒童可能有著較充足的營養,而這可能來自於較佳的家庭經濟條件,也造成較高的課業期許,度數較容易增加,所以歸根究柢還是「過度的近距離用眼造成近視增加」。尤其上述第三篇的長庚醫院研究更指出,近距離工作才是唯一重要的風險因素!讓孩子減少過度的近距離用眼並多增加室內外看遠或動態活動,才是較有效的習慣改善方式。
下回若看到孩子近視增加了,不要誤會是長高造成的惡化,而是該找出近期是否有過度的近距離用眼。別忘了,「睡眠充足」、「營養均衡」、「大量運動」等好習慣,都是快速長高的可能因素之一,怪罪它豈不是很矛盾嗎?
#身高與眼軸
#身高與近視
#視力保健